Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country in the world, situated in Central Asia and bordering Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. The country has committed to net zero by 2060, backed by a legally binding Strategy for Achieving Carbon Neutrality, and is targeting 50% renewables in its energy balance by 2050 alongside a moratorium on new coal plants. Its current NDC (3.0, submitted November 2025) commits to a 17% unconditional cut in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels by 2030, rising to 25% with international support.